메대
Media
지명다른 표기: Media,Mede,LK,Median,LQ
[Easton 한국어 번역]
히브리어로 마대이다. 흠정역에서는 이 말이 (1) ‘마대’(창 10:2), (2) ‘메대 사람들’(왕하 17:6; 18:11), (3) ‘메대’(에 1:3; 10:2; 사 21:2; 단 8:20), (4) ‘메대 사람’으로 번역되며, 마지막 용례는 다니엘 11:1에만 나온다.
이 민족에 관한 최초의 기록은 주전 840년경 앗수르의 설형문자 기록에 아마다라는 이름으로 나타난다. 그들은 인더스강 동쪽 강둑에서 온 아리아인의 한 갈래였던 것으로 보이며, 아마 한동안 메소보다미아 계곡의 지배적인 종족이었을 것이다. 그들은 서너 세기 동안 저마다 자기 족장의 다스림을 받는 여러 부족으로 이루어져 있었으나, 마침내 앗수르의 멍에 아래 들어갔다(왕하 17:6). 그들은 이 예속에서 벗어나 키악사레스 아래에서 제국을 이루었다(주전 633년). 이 군주는 바벨론 왕과 동맹을 맺고 앗수르를 침공하여 니느웨성을 함락하고 파괴하였으며(주전 625년), 이로써 앗수르 왕국을 끝냈다(나 1:8; 2:5, 6; 3:13, 14).
이제 메대는 강대국의 지위에 올라 영토를 크게 넓혔다. 그러나 독립 왕국으로 오래 존속하지는 못하였다. 메대는 첫 왕 키악사레스와 함께 일어났다가 그와 함께 사라졌다. 그의 아들이자 후계자인 아스티아게스의 통치 중에 바사 사람들이 메대 사람들과 전쟁을 벌여 그들을 정복하였고, 두 민족은 바사 사람 고레스라는 한 군주 아래 통합되었기 때문이다(주전 558년).
‘메대 사람의 고을들’은 사마리아가 멸망할 때 이스라엘 사람들이 사로잡혀 옮겨진 일과 관련하여 처음 언급된다(왕하 17:6; 18:11). 그 후 얼마 지나지 않아 이사야는 메대 사람들이 바벨론의 멸망에서 맡을 역할을 말한다(13:17; 21:2; 렘 51:11, 28과 비교하라). 다니엘은 고레스가 대리왕으로 세운 메대 사람 다리오의 통치를 기록한다(단 6:1-28). 에스라의 기록에 따르면(6:2-5), 고레스의 조서는 ‘메대도에 있는 궁’에서 발견되었다. 그곳은 악메다, 곧 헬라인들이 엑바타나라고 부른 곳으로, 성경에 언급된 유일한 메대 성읍이다.
영문 원문·다른 사전 펼치기
[Easton]
Heb. Madai, which is rendered in the Authorized Version (1) “Madai,” Gen. 10:2; (2) “Medes,” 2 Kings 17:6; 18:11; (3) “Media,” Esther 1:3; 10:2; Isa. 21:2; Dan. 8:20; (4) “Mede,” only in Dan. 11:1.
We first hear of this people in the Assyrian cuneiform records, under the name of Amada, about B.C. 840. They appear to have been a branch of the Aryans, who came from the east bank of the Indus, and were probably the predominant race for a while in the Mesopotamian valley. They consisted for three or four centuries of a number of tribes, each ruled by its own chief, who at length were brought under the Assyrian yoke (2 Kings 17:6). From this subjection they achieved deliverance, and formed themselves into an empire under Cyaxares (B.C. 633). This monarch entered into an alliance with the king of Babylon, and invaded Assyria, capturing and destroying the city of Nineveh (B.C. 625), thus putting an end to the Assyrian monarchy (Nah. 1:8; 2:5, 6; 3:13, 14).
Media now rose to a place of great power, vastly extending its boundaries. But it did not long exist as an independent kingdom. It rose with Cyaxares, its first king, and it passed away with him; for during the reign of his son and successor Astyages, the Persians waged war against the Medes and conquered them, the two nations being united under one monarch, Cyrus the Persian (B.C. 558).
The “cities of the Medes” are first mentioned in connection with the deportation of the Israelites on the destruction of Samaria (2 Kings 17:6; 18:11). Soon afterwards Isaiah (13:17; 21:2) speaks of the part taken by the Medes in the destruction of Babylon (comp. Jer. 51:11, 28). Daniel gives an account of the reign of Darius the Mede, who was made viceroy by Cyrus (Dan. 6:1-28). The decree of Cyrus, Ezra informs us (6:2-5), was found in “the palace that is in the province of the Medes,” Achmetha or Ecbatana of the Greeks, which is the only Median city mentioned in Scripture.
[Hitchcock]
measure; habit; covering
[Nave]
–See MEDES
[STEPBible TIPNR]
A location first mentioned at Ezr.6.2)
referred to as Media (מָדַי), or Media (Aramaic מָדַי), or Mede+Persians (מָדַי), or Mede (מָדִי, מָדָאָה), or Mede (Aramaic מָדַי), or Mede (מָֽדָאָה), or Medes (Μῆδος).
[Theographic]
Heb. Madai, which is rendered in the Authorized Version (1) “Madai,” Gen. 10:2; (2) “Medes,” 2 Kings 17:6; 18:11; (3) “Media,” Esther 1:3; 10:2; Isa. 21:2; Dan. 8:20; (4) “Mede,” only in Dan. 11:1.
We first hear of this people in the Assyrian cuneiform records, under the name of Amada, about B.C. 840. They appear to have been a branch of the Aryans, who came from the east bank of the Indus, and were probably the predominant race for a while in the Mesopotamian valley. They consisted for three or four centuries of a number of tribes, each ruled by its own chief, who at length were brought under the Assyrian yoke (2 Kings 17:6). From this subjection they achieved deliverance, and formed themselves into an empire under Cyaxares (B.C. 633). This monarch entered into an alliance with the king of Babylon, and invaded Assyria, capturing and destroying the city of Nineveh (B.C. 625), thus putting an end to the Assyrian monarchy (Nah. 1:8; 2:5, 6; 3:13, 14).
Media now rose to a place of great power, vastly extending its boundaries. But it did not long exist as an independent kingdom. It rose with Cyaxares, its first king, and it passed away with him; for during the reign of his son and successor Astyages, the Persians waged war against the Medes and conquered them, the two nations being united under one monarch, Cyrus the Persian (B.C. 558).
The “cities of the Medes” are first mentioned in connection with the deportation of the Israelites on the destruction of Samaria (2 Kings 17:6; 18:11). Soon afterwards Isaiah (13:17; 21:2) speaks of the part taken by the Medes in the destruction of Babylon (comp. Jer. 51:11, 28). Daniel gives an account of the reign of Darius the Mede, who was made viceroy by Cyrus (Dan. 6:1-28). The decree of Cyrus, Ezra informs us (6:2-5), was found in “the palace that is in the province of the Medes,” Achmetha or Ecbatana of the Greeks, which is the only Median city mentioned in Scripture.
항목 출처: Theographic; Easton; Hitchcock; Nave; STEPBible TIPNR; OpenBible.info · CC BY-SA 4.0; Public domain; NEUU CC BY 4.0; CC BY 4.0
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나훔 3:13 본문 보기
너의 중 장정들은 여인같고 너의 땅의 성문들은 너의 대적 앞에 넓게 열리고 빗장들은 불에 타도다
원어 · 히브리어·아람어
STEPBible.org · Tyndale House Cambridge · CC BY 4.0. TAHOT 주 본문(L/Q/R), TAGNT 주 본문(N)과 N 없는 절의 전통 본문(K). 한글 읽기: 규칙 변환 참고(전통·문맥별 차이).