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[Easton] Conjugal infidelity. An adulterer was a man who had illicit intercourse with a married or a betrothed woman, and such a woman was an adulteress. Intercourse between a married man and an unmarried woman was fornication. Adultery was regarded as a great social wrong, as well as a great sin. The Mosaic law (Num. 5:11-31) prescribed that the suspected wife should be tried by the ordeal of the “water of jealousy.” There is, however, no recorded instance of the application of this law. In subsequent times the Rabbis made various regulations with the view of discovering the guilty party, and of bringing about a divorce. It has been inferred from John 8:1-11 that this sin became very common during the age preceding the destruction of Jerusalem. Idolatry, covetousness, and apostasy are spoken of as adultery spiritually (Jer. 3:6, 8, 9; Ezek. 16:32; Hos. 1:2:3; Rev. 2:22). An apostate church is an adulteress (Isa. 1:21; Ezek. 23:4, 7, 37), and the Jews are styled “an adulterous generation” (Matt. 12:39). (Comp. Rev. 12.) [Smith] (Exodus 20:14) The parties to this crime, according to Jewish law, were a married woman and a man who was not her husband. The Mosaic penalty was that both the guilty parties should be stoned, and it applied as well to the betrothed as to the married woman, provided she were free. (22:22-24) A bondwoman so offending was to be scourged, and the man was to make a trespass offering. (Leviticus 19:20-22) At a later time, and when owing, to Gentile example, the marriage tie became a looser bond of union, public feeling in regard to adultery changed, and the penalty of death was seldom or never inflicted. The famous trial by the waters of jealousy, (Numbers 5:11-29) was probably an ancient custom, which Moses found deeply seated—(But this ordeal was wholly in favor of the innocent, and exactly opposite to most ordeals. For the water which the accused drank was perfectly harmless, and only by a miracle could it produce a bad effect; while in most ordeals the accused must suffer what naturally produces death, and be proved innocent only by a miracle. Symbolically adultery is used to express unfaithfulness to covenant vows to God, who is represented as the husband of his people.) [Nave] –General scriptures concerning Ge 20:3 ; 2Sa 12:14 ; Job 24:15-18 ; 31:1 , 9-12 ; Pr 2:16-19 ; 5:3-22 ; 6:24-29 , 32 , 33 ; 7:5-23 ; 9:13-18 ; 22:14 ; 23:27 , 28 ; 29:3 ; 30:18-20 ; 31:3 ; Isa 57:3 , 4 ; Jer 3:1 ; 5:7 , 8 ; 7:9 , 10 ; 23:10 ; Eze 18:5 , 6 ; Ho 4:1 , 2 , 11 ; Mt 5:28 , 32 ; 15:19 ; 19:9 ; Mr 7:21 ; 10:11 , 12 , 19 ; Lu 16:18 ; Ac 15:20 , 29 ; Ro 1:28 , 29 , 32 ; 7:3 ; 1Co 5:9 , 10 ; 6:15-18 ; 10:8 ; 2Co 12:21 ; Ga 5:19 , 21 ; 1Ti 1:9 , 10 ; 2Ti 3:6 ; Jas 2:11 ; 1Pe 4:3 , 4 ; 2Pe 2:9 , 10 , 14 ; Jude 1 :7; Re 2:20-22 ; 9:21 –See LASCIVIOUSNESS –See RAPE –See SENSUALITY –See SODOMY –See WHORE –See WHOREDOM –FORBIDDEN Ex 20:14 ; Le 18:20 ; 19:29 ; De 5:18 ; 23:17 ; Mt 5:27 ; 19:18 ; Lu 18:20 ; Ac 15:20 ; Ro 13:9 , 13 ; 1Co 5:9-11 ; 6:13 , 15 , 18 ; 10:8 ; Eph 4:17 , 19 , 20 ; 5:3 , 11 , 12 ; Col 3:5 ; 1Th 4:3-5 , 7 ; Jas 2:11 –FORGIVENESS OF. INSTANCES OF Jud 19:1-4 ; Joh 8:10 , 11 –PENALTIES FOR Ge 20:7 ; 26:11 ; 38:24 ; Ex 22:16 , 17 ; Le 19:20-22 ; 20:10-12 ; 21:9 ; Nu 5:11-29 ; De 22:13-29 ; 27:20 , 22 , 23 ; 2Sa 12:10-12 ; Jer 29:22 , 23 ; Eze 16:38 , 40 , 41 ; 23:45 , 47 , 48 ; Mal 2:5 ; Joh 8:4 , 5 ; 1Co 5:1-13 ; 6:9 , 10 ; 10:8 ; Ga 5:19 , 21 ; Eph 5:5 , 6 ; Heb 13:4 ; Re 18:9 , 10 ; 21:8 ; 22:15 –FIGURATIVE Jer 3:2 ; Eze 16:15 , 16 ; Ho 1 .See WHOREDOM .See IDOLATRY –INSTANCES OF .Sodomites Ge 19:5-8 .Lot Ge 19:31-38 .Shechem Ge 34:2 .Reuben Ge 35:22 .Judah Ge 38:1-24 .Potiphar’s wife Ge 39:7-12 .The Levite’s concubine Jud 19:2 .The Gibeahites Jud 19:22-25 .Gilead Jud 11:1 .Samson Jud 16:1 .Sons of Eli 1Sa 2:22 .David 2Sa 11:1-5 .Amnon 2Sa 13:1-20 .Absalom 2Sa 16:22 .Israelites Ex 32:6 , 25 ; Jer 29:23 ; Eze 22:9-11 ; 33:26 ; Ho 7:4 .Herod Mt 14:3 , 4 ; Mr 6:17 , 18 ; Lu 3:19 .The Samaritan woman Joh 4:17 , 18 .The woman brought to Jesus in the temple Joh 8:4-11 .Corinthians 1Co 5:1-5 .Heathen Eph 4:17-19 ; 1Pe 4:3