방주

Ark

사물

[Easton 한국어 번역] 노아의 방주는 잣나무로 짓고 역청을 바른 구조물로, 길이는 300규빗, 너비는 50규빗, 높이는 30규빗이었다(창 6:14-16). 그것은 물에 뜨는 장방형의 3층 집으로, 옆면에는 문이 있고 지붕에는 창이 있었다. 건조하는 데 100년이 걸렸다(창 5:32; 7:6). 하나님께서 땅에 내리려 하시는 홍수로부터 특정한 사람들과 동물들을 보존하기 위한 것이었다. 그 안에는 여덟 사람이 있었으며(창 7:13; 벧후 2:5), 모든 “정결한” 동물은 일곱 쌍씩, “부정한” 동물은 한 쌍씩, 새는 각 종류마다 일곱 쌍씩 있었다(창 7:2, 3). 그 모양은 바닥이 평평하고 지붕이 경사진 장방형이었다. 인류가 땅에서 쓸려 없어진 대홍수와 노아의 방주에 관한 전승은 모든 민족 가운데서 발견되어 왔다. 아기 모세를 눕혔던 갈대 상자(출 2:3)는 히브리어로 테바(teebah)라고 불리는데, 이는 “상자”를 뜻하는 애굽어 테브(teb)에서 유래한 말이다. 그 상자에는 진과 역청이 발라져 있었다. 그것을 만드는 데 사용된 갈대는 파피루스 갈대였다. 거룩한 궤는 이와 다른 히브리어인 아론(’aron’)으로 지칭되는데, 이것은 어떤 용도로든 쓰이는 상자나 함을 가리키는 일반적인 명칭이다(창 50:26; 왕하 12:9, 10). 이 궤는 “하나님의 궤”(삼상 3:3), “언약궤”(수 3:6; 히 9:4), “증거궤”(출 25:22)와 같은 명칭으로 다른 모든 궤와 구별된다. 아카시아, 곧 조각목으로 만들었으며, 너비와 높이는 각각 1규빗 반이고 길이는 2규빗이었으며, 온통 가장 순수한 금으로 입혔다. 윗면, 곧 뚜껑인 속죄소에는 둘레에 금테를 둘렀다. 양쪽 면에는 각각 금고리 두 개가 있었고, 여기에 금으로 입힌 채 두 개를 끼워 궤를 멜 수 있게 하였다(민 7:9; 10:21; 4:5, 19, 20; 왕상 8:3, 6). 궤 위 양 끝에는 두 그룹이 서로 얼굴을 마주하고 있었다(레 16:2; 민 7:89). 궤 위로 펼친 그들의 날개는 하나님의 보좌를 이루었으며, 궤 자체는 하나님의 발등상이었다(출 25:10-22; 37:1-9). 궤는 “지성소”에 두었으며, 그것을 메는 채의 한쪽 끝이 성막의 두 방을 나누는 휘장에 닿도록 놓았다(왕상 8:8). 하나님께서 백성과 맺으신 언약의 “증거”, 곧 증표인 두 돌판(신 31:26), “만나를 담은 항아리”(출 16:33), “아론의 싹 난 지팡이”(민 17:10)가 궤 안에 보관되었다(히 9:4). (성막 참조.) 궤와 성소는 “이스라엘의 아름다운 것”이었다(애 2:1). 이스라엘 자손이 이동하는 동안 궤는 제사장들이 메고 진영 앞에서 나아갔다(민 4:5, 6; 10:33-36; 시 68:1; 132:8). 제사장들이 궤를 메고 요단 강바닥으로 들어갔을 때 강물이 갈라져, 온 회중이 건널 수 있는 길이 열렸다(수 3:15, 16; 4:7, 10, 11, 17, 18). 여리고를 도는 행렬에서도 궤를 메었다(수 6:4, 6, 8, 11, 12). 운반할 때에는 언제나 휘장과 오소리 가죽과 청색 보자기로 싸서, 그것을 메는 레위인들의 눈에도 보이지 않도록 주의 깊게 가렸다. 이스라엘이 팔레스틴에 정착한 뒤 궤는 한동안 길갈의 성막에 머물렀으며, 그 후 실로로 옮겨져 엘리 시대까지 300년에서 400년 동안 그곳에 있었다(렘 7:12). 그때 히브리인들은 승리를 확보할 수 있으리라고 생각하여 궤를 전쟁터로 가져갔으나, 블레셋 사람들이 그것을 빼앗았다(삼상 4:3-11). 블레셋 사람들은 일곱 달 동안 보관하다가 돌려보냈다(삼상 5:7, 8). 그 후 궤는 다윗 시대까지 20년 동안 기럇여아림에 있었다(7:1, 2). 다윗은 그것을 예루살렘으로 옮기고자 하였다. 그러나 올바른 운반 방식을 지키지 않았으므로, 웃사가 “하나님의 궤로 손을 내밀었다”가 죽임을 당하였다. 이 일로 궤는 가드림몬에 있는 오벧에돔의 집에 석 달 동안 머물렀다(삼하 6:1-11). 그 기간이 끝나자 다윗은 성대한 행렬과 함께 궤를 예루살렘으로 옮겼으며, 궤는 그것을 위한 장소가 준비될 때까지 그곳에 보관되었다(12-19절). 그 후 솔로몬이 그것을 성전에 안치하였다(왕상 8:6-9). 바벨론 사람들이 예루살렘을 파괴하고 성전을 약탈하였을 때, 느부갓네살이 궤를 가져가서 파괴하였을 가능성이 있다. 그 후로는 그 흔적을 전혀 찾을 수 없기 때문이다. 둘째 성전에 궤가 없었다는 것은 그 성전이 첫째 성전보다 못한 점 가운데 하나였다.

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[Easton] Noah’s ark, a building of gopher-wood, and covered with pitch, 300 cubits long, 50 cubits broad, and 30 cubits high (Gen. 6:14-16); an oblong floating house of three stories, with a door in the side and a window in the roof. It was 100 years in building (Gen. 5:32; 7:6). It was intended to preserve certain persons and animals from the deluge which God was about to bring over the earth. It contained eight persons (Gen. 7:13; 2 Pet. 2:5), and of all “clean” animals seven pairs, and of “unclean” one pair, and of birds seven pairs of each sort (Gen. 7:2, 3). It was in the form of an oblong square, with flat bottom and sloping roof. Traditions of the Deluge, by which the race of man was swept from the earth, and of the ark of Noah have been found existing among all nations. The ark of bulrushes in which the infant Moses was laid (Ex. 2:3) is called in the Hebrew teebah, a word derived from the Egyptian teb, meaning “a chest.” It was daubed with slime and with pitch. The bulrushes of which it was made were the papyrus reed. The sacred ark is designated by a different Hebrew word, ’aron’, which is the common name for a chest or coffer used for any purpose (Gen. 50:26; 2 Kings 12:9, 10). It is distinguished from all others by such titles as the “ark of God” (1 Sam. 3:3), “ark of the covenant” (Josh. 3:6; Heb. 9:4), “ark of the testimony” (Ex. 25:22). It was made of acacia or shittim wood, a cubit and a half broad and high and two cubits long, and covered all over with the purest gold. Its upper surface or lid, the mercy-seat, was surrounded with a rim of gold; and on each of the two sides were two gold rings, in which were placed two gold-covered poles by which the ark could be carried (Num. 7:9; 10:21; 4:5, 19, 20; 1 Kings 8:3, 6). Over the ark, at the two extremities, were two cherubim, with their faces turned toward each other (Lev. 16:2; Num. 7:89). Their outspread wings over the top of the ark formed the throne of God, while the ark itself was his footstool (Ex. 25:10-22; 37:1-9). The ark was deposited in the “holy of holies,” and was so placed that one end of the poles by which it was carried touched the veil which separated the two apartments of the tabernacle (1 Kings 8:8). The two tables of stone which constituted the “testimony” or evidence of God’s covenant with the people (Deut. 31:26), the “pot of manna” (Ex. 16:33), and “Aaron’s rod that budded” (Num. 17:10), were laid up in the ark (Heb. 9:4). (See TABERNACLE) The ark and the sanctuary were “the beauty of Israel” (Lam. 2:1). During the journeys of the Israelites the ark was carried by the priests in advance of the host (Num. 4:5, 6; 10:33-36; Ps. 68:1; 132:8). It was borne by the priests into the bed of the Jordan, which separated, opening a pathway for the whole of the host to pass over (Josh. 3:15, 16; 4:7, 10, 11, 17, 18). It was borne in the procession round Jericho (Josh. 6:4, 6, 8, 11, 12). When carried it was always wrapped in the veil, the badgers’ skins, and blue cloth, and carefully concealed even from the eyes of the Levites who carried it. After the settlement of Israel in Palestine the ark remained in the tabernacle at Gilgal for a season, and was then removed to Shiloh till the time of Eli, between 300 and 400 years (Jer. 7:12), when it was carried into the field of battle so as to secure, as they supposed, victory to the Hebrews, and was taken by the Philistines (1 Sam. 4:3-11), who sent it back after retaining it seven months (1 Sam. 5:7, 8). It remained then at Kirjath-jearim (7:1, 2) till the time of David (twenty years), who wished to remove it to Jerusalem; but the proper mode of removing it having been neglected, Uzzah was smitten with death for putting “forth his hand to the ark of God,” and in consequence of this it was left in the house of Obed-edom in Gath-rimmon for three months (2 Sam. 6:1-11), at the end of which time David removed it in a grand procession to Jerusalem, where it was kept till a place was prepared for it (12-19). It was afterwards deposited by Solomon in the temple (1 Kings 8:6-9). When the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and plundered the temple, the ark was probably taken away by Nebuchadnezzar and destroyed, as no trace of it is afterwards to be found. The absence of the ark from the second temple was one of the points in which it was inferior to the first temple. [Nave] –1. NOAH’S .Directions for building of Ge 6:14-16 .Noah and family preserved in Ge 6:18 ; 7:8 ; Mt 24:38 ; Heb 11:7 ; 1Pe 3:20 .Animals saved in Ge 6:19 , 20 ; 7:1-16 –2. Of BULLRUSHES Ex 2:3 –3. IN THE TABERNACLE. Called THE ARK OF THE COVENANT Nu 10:33 ; De 31:26 ; Jos 4:7 ; 1Sa 4:3 ; 2Sa 15:24 ; 1Ch 15:25 ; 17:1 ; Jer 3:16 ; Heb 9:4 OF THE TESTIMONY Ex 30:6 .OF THE LORD Jos 4:11 ; 1Sa 4:6 ; 6:1 ; 2Sa 6:9 ; 15:12 ; 16:4 .OF GOD 1Sa 3:3 ; 4:11 , 17 , 22 ; 6:3 ; 14:18 ; 2Sa 6:7 ; 7:2 ; 15:25 ; 1Ch 13:12 ; 15:1 , 2 , 15 , 24 ; 16:1 .OF GOD’S STRENGTH 2Ch 6:41 .Sanctification of Ex 30:26 .Ceremonies connected with, on the day of atonement Le 16:13-15 .Holy 2Ch 8:11 ; 35:3 .An oracle of God Nu 10:33 ; 14:44 ; Jos 7:6-15 ; Jud 20:27 , 28 ; 1Sa 4:3 , 4 , 7 ; 1Ch 13:3 ; 16:4 , 37 ; 2Ch 6:41 ; Ps 132:8 .See MERCY SEAT .Directions for making Ex 25:10-15 ; 35:12 .Construction of Ex 37:1-5 ; De 10:3 .Contents of The law Ex 25:16 , 21 ; 40:20 ; De 10:5 ; 31:26 ; 1Ki 8:9 ; 2Ch 5:10 .Aaron’s rod Nu 17:10 ; Heb 9:4 .Pot of manna Ex 16:33 , 34 ; Heb 9:4 .Place of Ex 26:33 ; 40:21 ; 1Sa 3:3 ; 2Sa 7:2 ; Heb 9:2-4 .How prepared for conveyance Nu 4:5 , 6 .Carried by Kohathites Nu 3:30 , 31 ; 4:4 , 15 ; De 10:8 ; 1Ch 15:2 , 15 .On special occasions carried by priests: Crossing Jordan Jos 3:6 , 14 .Siege of Jericho Jos 6:6 .Taken to battle Jos 6:6-20 ; 1Sa 4:3-22 .Captured by the Philstines 1Sa 4:10 , 11 ; Ps 78:61 .Returned by the Philistines 1Sa 6 .Remains at the house of Abinadab 1Sa 7:1 , 2 ; 2Sa 6:4 .Remains in the house of Obed-edom 2Sa 6:9-11 .Set up in Shiloh Jos 18:1 ; Jud 20:27 , 28 ; 1Sa 4:3 , 4 .Set up in Jerusalem 2Sa 6:12-17 ; 1Ch 6:31 ; 15 ; 16:1 .Removed from Jerusalem by Zadok at the time of Absalom’s revolt, but returned by command of David 2Sa 15:24-29 .Transferred to Solomon’s temple 1Ki 8:6-9 ; 2Ch 5:2-9 ; 35:3 .Prophecy concerning Jer 3:16 .In John’s vision Re 11:19

항목 출처: Easton; Nave · CC BY-SA 4.0; Public domain; NEUU CC BY 4.0