철

[Easton] Tubal-Cain is the first-mentioned worker in iron (Gen. 4:22). The Egyptians wrought it at Sinai before the Exodus. David prepared it in great abundance for the temple (1 Chr. 22:3: 29:7). The merchants of Dan and Javan brought it to the market of Tyre (Ezek. 27:19). Various instruments are mentioned as made of iron (Deut. 27:5; 19:5; Josh. 17:16, 18; 1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 12:31; 2 Kings 6:5, 6; 1 Chr. 22:3; Isa. 10:34). Figuratively, a yoke of iron (Deut. 28:48) denotes hard service; a rod of iron (Ps. 2:9), a stern government; a pillar of iron (Jer. 1:18), a strong support; a furnace of iron (Deut. 4:20), severe labour; a bar of iron (Job 40:18), strength; fetters of iron (Ps. 107:10), affliction; giving silver for iron (Isa. 60:17), prosperity. [Smith] is mentioned with brass as the earliest of known metals. (Genesis 4:22) The natural wealth in iron of the soil of Canaan is indicated by describing it as a land whose stones are iron.” (8:9) (Recent explorations have shown that iron ore is abundant in the northern part of Palestine.—ED.) The book of Job contains passages which indicate that iron was a metal well known. Sheet-iron was used for cooking utensils. (Ezekiel 4:3) cf. Levi 7:9 That it was plentiful in the time of David appears from (1 Chronicles 22:3) The market of Tyre was supplied with bright or polished iron by the merchants of by Dan and Javan. (Ezekiel 27:19) The Chalybes of the Pontus were celebrated as workers in iron in very ancient times. The product of their labor is supposed to be alluded to in (Jeremiah 16:12) as being of superior quality. Specimens of Assyrian iron-work overlaid with bronze were discovered by Mr. Layard, and are now in the British Museum. Iron weapons of various kinds were found at Nimroud, but fell to pieces on exposure to the air. (pious), one of the cities of Naphtali, (Joshua 19:38) hitherto totally unknown. [Nave] –1. First recorded use of Ge 4:22 .Ore of De 8:9 ; Job 28:2 .Melted Eze 22:20 .Used in the temple 1Ch 22:3 ; 29:2 , 7 .Articles made of Ax 2Ki 6:6 ; 2Ch 18:10 ; Ec 10:10 ; Isa 10:34 Bedstead De 3:11 Breastplate Re 9:9 Chariot Jos 17:16 , 18 ; Jud 1:19 ; 4:3 Fetters Ps 105:18 ; 107:10 , 16 ; 149:8 File Pr 27:17 Furnace De 4:20 ; 1Ki 8:51 ; Jer 11:4 Gate Ac 12:10 Harrow 2Sa 12:31 Horn 1Ki 22:11 ; 2Ch 18:10 ; Mic 4:13 Idols Da 2:33 ; 5:4 , 23 Pans Eze 4:3 ; 27:19 Pen Job 19 ; 24 ; Jer 17:1 Pillars Jer 1:18 Rods for scourging Ps 2:9 ; Re 2:27 ; 12:5 ; 19:15 Threshing instruments Am 1:3 Tools 1Ki 6:7 Vessels Jos 6:24 Weapons Nu 35:16 ; 1Sa 17:7 ; Job 20:24 ; 41:7 Yokes De 28:48 ; Jer 28:13 , 14 .Stones of De 8:9 ; Job 28:2 ; Isa 60:17 .See STEEL –FIGURATIVE 2Sa 23:7 ; Jer 15:12 ; 1Ti 4:2 –2. A city of Naphtali Jos 19:38