병거

Chariot

사물

다른 표기: Chariot,수레

[Easton 한국어 번역] 일반적으로 전쟁의 목적으로 사용하는 수레. 드물기는 하지만 때때로 평화로운 목적으로 사용된 것으로도 언급된다. 병거가 처음 언급되는 것은 요셉이 특별한 예우의 표시로 바로의 둘째 의전용 수레에 타게 되었을 때이며(창 41:43), 그다음은 그가 자기 수레를 타고 아버지 야곱을 만나러 나갔을 때이다(46:29). 병거들은 야곱의 장례 행렬의 일부를 이루었다(50:9). 바로는 이스라엘 자손을 추격할 때 전쟁용 병거 600승을 거느리고 갔다(출 14:7). 팔레스틴의 골짜기에 사는 가나안 사람들에게는 철병거가 있었다(수 17:18; 삿 1:19). 가나안 왕 야빈에게는 병거 900승이 있었으며(삿 4:3), 사울 시대에 블레셋 사람들에게는 30,000승이 있었다. 다윗은 소바 왕 및 아람 사람들과의 전쟁에서 많은 병거를 전리품으로 빼앗았다(삼하 8:4; 10:18). 솔로몬은 군대의 일부로 병거 1,400승을 유지하였으며(왕상 10:26), 이것들은 주로 애굽에서 수입하였다(29절). 이때부터 병거는 이스라엘 군대의 일부를 이루었다(왕상 22:34; 왕하 9:16, 21; 13:7, 14; 18:24; 23:30). 신약에는 병거 사용에 관한 역사적 언급이 단 한 번 나오는데, 구스 내시의 경우이다(행 8:28, 29, 38). 이 말은 때때로 군대를 비유적으로 가리키는 데 사용된다(시 68:17; 왕하 6:17). 엘리야는 그의 기도와 조언으로 말미암아 “이스라엘의 병거와 그 마병”이었다. 자연 현상 속에서 나타나는 하나님의 신속한 활동도 병거의 비유로 표현된다(시 104:3; 사 66:15; 합 3:8). 그룹들의 병거(대상 28:18)는 속죄소 위의 두 그룹으로 이루어진 병거로서, 주께서 타시는 것이다. 병거성들은 평시에 전쟁용 병거를 보관하도록 따로 정해 둔 성읍들이었다(대하 1:14). 병거의 말들은 병거를 끄는 일에 특별히 적합한 말들이었다(왕하 7:14). 전쟁용 병거는 출애굽기 14:7, 사무엘상 13:5, 사무엘하 8:4, 역대상 18:4, 여호수아 11:4, 사사기 4:3, 13에 묘사되어 있다. 이스라엘 자손은 다윗 시대까지 그것들을 사용하지 않았다. 엘리야는 “불수레”를 타고 올리워 갔다(왕하 2:11). 열왕기하 6:17과 비교하라. 이 환상은 엘리사에게 힘과 격려의 근원이 되었을 것이다. 이제 그는 “우리와 함께한 자가 저와 함께한 자보다 많으니라”고 말할 수 있었기 때문이다.

영문 원문·다른 사전 펼치기

[Easton] A vehicle generally used for warlike purposes. Sometimes, though but rarely, it is spoken of as used for peaceful purposes. The first mention of the chariot is when Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second state chariot (Gen. 41:43); and the next, when he went out in his own chariot to meet his father Jacob (46:29). Chariots formed part of the funeral procession of Jacob (50:9). When Pharaoh pursued the Israelites he took 600 war-chariots with him (Ex. 14:7). The Canaanites in the valleys of Palestine had chariots of iron (Josh. 17:18; Judg. 1:19). Jabin, the king of Canaan, had 900 chariots (Judg. 4:3); and in Saul’s time the Philistines had 30,000. In his wars with the king of Zobah and with the Syrians, David took many chariots among the spoils (2 Sam. 8:4; 10:18). Solomon maintained as part of his army 1,400 chariots (1 Kings 10:26), which were chiefly imported from Egypt (29). From this time forward they formed part of the armies of Israel (1 Kings 22:34; 2 Kings 9:16, 21; 13:7, 14; 18:24; 23:30). In the New Testament we have only one historical reference to the use of chariots, in the case of the Ethiopian eunuch (Acts. 8:28, 29, 38). This word is sometimes used figuratively for hosts (Ps. 68:17; 2 Kings 6:17). Elijah, by his prayers and his counsel, was “the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof.” The rapid agency of God in the phenomena of nature is also spoken of under the similitude of a chariot (Ps. 104:3; Isa. 66:15; Hab. 3:8). Chariot of the cherubim (1 Chr. 28:18), the chariot formed by the two cherubs on the mercy-seat on which the Lord rides. Chariot cities were set apart for storing the war-chariots in time of peace (2 Chr. 1:14). Chariot horses were such as were peculiarly fitted for service in chariots (2 Kings 7:14). Chariots of war are described in Ex. 14:7; 1 Sam. 13:5; 2 Sam. 8:4; 1 Chr. 18:4; Josh. 11:4; Judg. 4:3, 13. They were not used by the Israelites till the time of David. Elijah was translated in a “chariot of fire” (2 Kings 2:11). Comp. 2 Kings 6:17. This vision would be to Elisha a source of strength and encouragement, for now he could say, “They that be with us are more than they that be with them.” [Smith] a vehicle used either for warlike or peaceful purposes, but most commonly the former. The Jewish chariots were patterned after the Egyptian, and consisted of a single pair of wheels on an axle, upon which was a car with high front and sides, but open at the back. The earliest mention of chariots in Scripture is in Egypt, where Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second chariot. (Genesis 41:43) Later on we find mention of Egyptian chariots for a warlike purpose. (Exodus 14:7) In this point of view chariots among some nations of antiquity, as elephants among others, may be regarded as filling the place of heavy artillery in modern times, so that the military power of a nation might be estimated by the number of its chariots. Thus Pharaoh in pursuing Israel took with him 600 chariots. The Philistines in Saul’s time had 30,000. (1 Samuel 13:5) David took from Hadadezer, king of Zobah, 1000 chariots, (2 Samuel 8:4) and from the Syrians a little later 700, (2 Samuel 10:18) who in order to recover their ground, collected 32,000 chariots. (1 Chronicles 19:7) Up to this time the Israelites possessed few or no chariots. They were first introduced by David, (2 Samuel 8:4) who raised and maintained a force of 1400 chariots, (1 Kings 10:25) by taxation on certain cities agreeably to eastern custom in such matters. (1 Kings 9:19; 10:25) From this time chariots were regarded as among the most important arms of war. (1 Kings 22:34; 2 Kings 9:16,21; 13:7,14; 18:24; 23:30; Isaiah 31:1) Most commonly two persons, and sometimes three, rode in the chariot, of whom the third was employed to carry the state umbrella. (1 Kings 22:34; 2 Kings 9:20,24; Acts 8:38) The prophets allude frequently to chariots as typical of power. (Psalms 20:7; 104:3; Jeremiah 51:21; Zechariah 6:1) [Nave] –For war Ex 14:7 , 9 , 25 ; Jos 11:4 ; 1Sa 13:5 ; 1Ki 20:1 , 25 ; 2Ki 6:14 ; 2Ch 12:2 , 3 ; Ps 20:7 ; 46:9 ; Jer 46:9 ; 47:3 ; 51:21 ; Joe 2:5 ; Na 2:3 , 4 ; 3:2 –Wheels of Pharaoh’s, providentially taken off Ex 14:25 –Commanded by captains Ex 14:7 ; 1Ki 9:22 ; 22:31-33 ; 2Ki 8:21 –Made of iron Jos 17:18 ; Jud 1:19 –Introduced among Israelites by David 2Sa 8:4 –Imported from Egypt by Solomon 1Ki 10:26-29 –Cities for 1Ki 9:19 ; 2Ch 1:14 ; 8:6 ; 9:25 –Royal Ge 41:43 ; 46:29 ; 2Ki 5:9 ; 2Ch 35:24 ; Jer 17:25 ; Ac 8:29 –Drawn by camels Isa 21:7 ; Mic 1:13 –Traffic in Re 18:13 –Kings ride in 2Ch 35:24 ; Jer 17:25 ; 22:4 –Cherubim in Solomon’s temple mounted on 1Ch 28:18 –FIGURATIVE .Chariots of God Ps 68:17 ; 104:3 ; 2Ki 6:17 ; Isa 66:15 ; Hab 3:8 ; Re 9:9 –SYMBOLICAL

항목 출처: Easton; Smith; Nave · CC BY-SA 4.0; Public domain; NEUU CC BY 4.0