포도나무

Vine

사물

[Easton 한국어 번역] 팔레스타인에서 가장 중요한 산물 가운데 하나이다. 처음 언급되는 곳은 노아의 역사이다(창 9:20). 그 후 구약과 신약 모두에서 자주 언급되며, 계단식 포도원의 유적에는 유대인들이 포도나무를 널리 재배하였다는 증거가 있다. 이스라엘 백성이 팔레스타인을 차지하기 전부터 그곳에서는 포도나무를 재배하였다. 모세가 보낸 사람들은 에스골 골짜기에서 포도 한 송이를 가져왔는데, 너무 커서 “둘이 막대기에 꿰어 메었다”(민 13:23). 에스골뿐 아니라 엔게디(아 1:14), 헤스본, 십마, 야셀, 엘르알레(사 16:8-10; 렘 48:32, 34), 헬본(겔 27:18)의 포도원들도 유명하였다. 교회는 포도나무에 비유되며(시 80:8), 그리스도께서는 자신에 대하여 “내가 참 포도나무요”라고 말씀하신다(요 15:1). 또한 우리 주님께서는 한 비유에서(마 21:33) 자신의 교회를 “한 집 주인이 … 만들고 산울로 두른” 포도원 등에 비유하신다. 호 10:1은 영어 흠정역의 “이스라엘은 빈 포도나무로서 자기를 위하여 열매를 맺는다” 대신, 영어 개역본에서는 “이스라엘은 무성한 포도나무로서 그 열매를 맺는다”라고 번역되어 있다.

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[Easton] One of the most important products of Palestine. The first mention of it is in the history of Noah (Gen. 9:20). It is afterwards frequently noticed both in the Old and New Testaments, and in the ruins of terraced vineyards there are evidences that it was extensively cultivated by the Jews. It was cultivated in Palestine before the Israelites took possession of it. The men sent out by Moses brought with them from the Valley of Eshcol a cluster of grapes so large that “they bare it between two upon a staff” (Num. 13: 23). The vineyards of En-gedi (Cant. 1:14), Heshbon, Sibmah, Jazer, Elealeh (Isa. 16:8-10; Jer. 48:32, 34), and Helbon (Ezek. 27:18), as well as of Eshcol, were celebrated. The Church is compared to a vine (Ps. 80:8), and Christ says of himself, “I am the vine” (John 15:1). In one of his parables also (Matt. 21:33) our Lord compares his Church to a vineyard which “a certain householder planted, and hedged round about,” etc. Hos. 10:1 is rendered in the Revised Version, “Israel is a luxuriant vine, which putteth forth his fruit,” instead of “Israel is an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself,” of the Authorized Version. [Smith] the well-known valuable plant (vitis vinifera) very frequently referred to in the Old and New Testaments, and cultivated from the earliest times. The first mention of this plant occurs in (Genesis 9:20,21) That it was abundantly cultivated in Egypt is evident from the frequent representations on the monuments, as well as from the scriptural allusions. (Genesis 40:9-11; Psalms 78:47) The vines of Palestine were celebrated both for luxuriant growth and for the immense clusters of grapes which they produced, which were sometimes carried on a staff between two men, as in the case of the spies, (Numbers 13:23) and as has been done in some instances in modern times. Special mention is made in the Bible of the vines of Eshcol, (Numbers 13:24; 32:9) of Sibmah, Heshbon and Elealeh (Isaiah 16:8,9,10; Jeremiah 48:32) and of Engedi. (Song of Solomon 1:14) From the abundance and excellence of the vines, it may readily be understood how frequently this plant is the subject of metaphor in the Holy Scriptures. To dwell under the vine and tree is an emblem of domestic happiness and peace, (1 Kings 4:25; Psalms 128:3; Micah 4:4) the rebellious people of Israel are compared to “wild grapes,” “an empty vine,” “the degenerate plant of a strange vine,” etc. (Isaiah 6:2,4; Jeremiah 2:21; Hosea 10:1) It is a vine which our Lord selects to show the spiritual union which subsists between himself and his members. (John 15:1-6) The ancient Hebrews probably allowed the vine to go trailing on the ground or upon supports. This latter mode of cultivation appears to be alluded to by Ezekiel. (Ezekiel 19:11,12) The vintage, which formerly was a season of general festivity, began in September. The towns were deserted; the people lived among the vineyards in the lodges and tents. Comp. (Judges 8:27; Isaiah 16:10; Jeremiah 25:30) The grapes were gathered with shouts of joy by the “grape gatherers,” (Jeremiah 25:30) and put into baskets. See (Jeremiah 6:9) They were then carried on the head and shoulders, or slung upon a yoke, to the “wine-press.” Those intended for eating were perhaps put into flat open baskets of wickerwork, as was the custom in Egypt. In Palestine, at present, the finest grapes, says Dr. Robinson, are dried as raisins, and the juice of the remainder, after having been trodden and pressed, “is boiled down to a sirup, which, under the name of dibs, is much used by all classes, wherever vineyards are found, as a condiment with their food.” The vineyard, which was generally on a hill, (Isaiah 5:1; Jeremiah 31:5; Amos 9:13) was surrounded by a wall or hedge in order to keep out the wild boars, (Psalms 80:13) jackals and foxes. (Numbers 22:24; Nehemiah 4:3; Song of Solomon 2:15; Ezekiel 13:4,5; Matthew 21:33) Within the vineyard was one or more towers of stone in which the vine-dressers lived. (Isaiah 1:8; 5:2; Matthew 21:33) The vat, which was dug, (Matthew 21:33) or hewn out of the rocky soil, and the press, were part of the vineyard furniture. (Isaiah 5:2) [Nave] –Degeneracy of Jer 2:21 –Fable of Jud 9:12 , 13 –Pruned Isa 5:6 ; Joh 15:1-5 –Parables of Ps 80:8-14 ; Eze 17:6-10 ; 19:10-14 –SYMBOLICAL Joh 15:1-5 .See VINEYARD

항목 출처: Easton; Smith; Nave · CC BY-SA 4.0; Public domain; NEUU CC BY 4.0