사두개인

Sadducees

주제

[Easton 한국어 번역] 이 유대교 종파의 기원은 확실하게 추적할 수 없다. 아마도 헬라의 지배를 받던 시기에 헬라의 풍습과 철학이 끼친 영향의 결과였을 것이다. 이들이 처음 등장하는 것은 세례 요한의 사역과 관련해서이다. 요한이 요단 강가에 있을 때 이들이 그에게 나오자, 그는 이들에게 “독사의 자식들아 누가 너희를 가르쳐 임박한 진노를 피하라 하더냐”라고 말하였다(마 3:7). 다음에 이들이 언급될 때에는 우리 주님을 시험하려고 그에게 나아오는 모습으로 나타난다. 주님은 이들을 “외식하는 자들”, “악하고 음란한 세대”라고 부르신다(마 16:1-4; 22:23). 마가복음(12:18-27)과 누가복음(20:27-38)에서 이들이 언급되는 유일한 대목은 부활 교리를 조롱하려고 시도하는 장면이다. 이들은 부활을 부인하였고 천사의 존재도 부인하였다. 요한복음에는 이들이 전혀 언급되지 않는다. 산헤드린의 “장로들” 가운데에는 사두개인이 많았다. 실제로 이들의 수는 바리새인만큼이나 많았던 것으로 보인다(행 23:6). 이들은 예수님에게 유죄를 선고하는 일에 가담하여 그를 향한 증오를 드러냈다(마 16:21; 26:1-3, 59; 막 8:31; 15:1; 눅 9:22; 22:66). 이들은 사도들이 그리스도의 부활을 전하지 못하게 하려고 애썼다(행 2:24, 31, 32; 4:1, 2; 5:17, 24-28). 이들은 그 시대의 이신론자 또는 회의론자였다. 예루살렘이 멸망한 뒤에는 별개의 종파로 나타나지 않는다.

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[Easton] The origin of this Jewish sect cannot definitely be traced. It was probably the outcome of the influence of Grecian customs and philosophy during the period of Greek domination. The first time they are met with is in connection with John the Baptist’s ministry. They came out to him when on the banks of the Jordan, and he said to them, “O generation of vipers, who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to come?” (Matt. 3:7.) The next time they are spoken of they are represented as coming to our Lord tempting him. He calls them “hypocrites” and “a wicked and adulterous generation” (Matt. 16:1-4; 22:23). The only reference to them in the Gospels of Mark (12:18-27) and Luke (20:27-38) is their attempting to ridicule the doctrine of the resurrection, which they denied, as they also denied the existence of angels. They are never mentioned in John’s Gospel. There were many Sadducees among the “elders” of the Sanhedrin. They seem, indeed, to have been as numerous as the Pharisees (Acts 23:6). They showed their hatred of Jesus in taking part in his condemnation (Matt. 16:21; 26:1-3, 59; Mark 8:31; 15:1; Luke 9:22; 22:66). They endeavoured to prohibit the apostles from preaching the resurrection of Christ (Acts 2:24, 31, 32; 4:1, 2; 5:17, 24-28). They were the deists or sceptics of that age. They do not appear as a separate sect after the destruction of Jerusalem. [Smith] (followers of Zadok), (Matthew 3:7; 16:1,6,11,12; 22:23,31; Mark 12:18; Luke 20:27; Acts 4:1; 5:17; 23:6,7,8) a religious party or school among the Jews at the time of Christ, who denied that the oral law was a revelation of God to the Israelites. and who deemed the written law alone to be obligatory on the nation, as of divine authority. Except on one occasion. (Matthew 16:1,4,6) Christ never assailed the Sadducees with the same bitter denunciations which he uttered against the Pharisees. The origin of their name is involved in great difficulties, but the most satisfactory conjecture is that the Sadducees or Zadokites were originally identical with the sons of Zadok, and constituted what may be termed a kind of sacerdotal aristocracy, this Zadok being the priest who declared in favor of Solomon when Abiathar took the part of Adonijah. (1 Kings 1:32-45) To these sons of Zadok were afterward attached all who for any reason reckoned themselves as belonging to the aristocrats; such, for example, as the families of the high priest, who had obtained consideration under the dynasty of Herod. These were for the most part judges, and individuals of the official and governing class. This explanation elucidates at once (Acts 5:17) The leading tenet of the Sadducees was the negation of the leading tenet of their opponents. As the Pharisees asserted so the Sadducees denied, that the Israelites were in possession of an oral law transmitted to them by Moses, [Pharisees] In opposition to the Pharisees, they maintained that the written law alone was obligatory on the nation, as of divine authority. The second distinguishing doctrine of the Sadducees was the denial of man’s resurrection after death . In connection with the disbelief of a resurrection by the Sadducees, they likewise denied there was “angel or spirit,” (Acts 23:8) and also the doctrines of future punishment and future rewards. Josephus states that the Sadducees believed in the freedom of the will, which the Pharisees denied. They pushed this doctrine so far as almost to exclude God from the government of the world. Some of the early Christian writers attribute to the Sadducees the rejection of all the sacred Scriptures except the Pentateuch ; a statement, however, that is now generally admitted to have been founded on a misconception of the truth, and it seems to have arisen from a confusion of the Sadducees with the Samaritans. An important fact in the history of the Sadducees is their rapid disappearance from history after the first century, and the subsequent predominance among the Jews of the opinions of the Pharisees. Two circumstances contributed, indirectly but powerfully, to produce this result: 1st. The state of the Jews after the capture of Jerusalem by Titus; and 2d. The growth of the Christian religion. As to the first point, it is difficult to overestimate the consternation and dismay which the destruction of Jerusalem occasioned in the minds of sincerely-religious Jews. In their hour of darkness and anguish they naturally turned to the consolations and hopes of a future state; and the doctrine of the Sadducees, that there was nothing beyond the present life, would have appeared to them cold, heartless and hateful. Again, while they were sunk in the lowest depths of depression, a new religion, which they despised as a heresy and a superstition, was gradually making its way among the subjects of their detested conquerors, the Romans. One of the causes of its success was undoubtedly the vivid belief in the resurrection of Jesus and a consequent resurrection of all mankind, which was accepted by its heathen converts with a passionate earnestness of which those who at the present day are familiar from infancy with the doctrine of the resurrection of the dead call form only a faint idea. To attempt to chock the progress of this new religion among the Jews by an appeal to the temporary rewards and punishments of the Pentateuch would have been as idle as an endeavor to check an explosive power by ordinary mechanical restraints. Consciously, therefore, or unconsciously, many circumstances combined to induce the Jews who were not Pharisees, but who resisted the new heresy, to rally round the standard of the oral law, and to assert that their holy legislator, Moses, had transmitted to his faithful people by word of mouth, although not in writing, the revelation of a future state of rewards and punishments. [Hitchcock] followers of Sadoc, or Zadok [Nave] –(A sect of the Jews) –Rebuked by John the Baptist Mt 3:7-9 ; Lu 3:7-9 –Reject the doctrine of the resurrection Mt 22:23-34 ; Mr 12:18-27 ; Lu 20:27-40 ; Ac 23:7 , 8 –Jesus warns his disciples against Mt 16:6-12 –Persecute the apostles Ac 4:1-3 ; 5:17-33 [Theographic peopleGroups] Sadducees

항목 출처: Theographic peopleGroups; Easton; Smith; Hitchcock; Nave · CC BY-SA 4.0; Public domain; NEUU CC BY 4.0