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Seal

사물

다른 표기: Seal,도장

[Easton 한국어 번역] 보통 어떤 문양을 새긴 반지였다(창 38:18, 25). 이세벨은 ‘아합의 이름으로 편지들을 쓰고 그 인을 쳤다’(왕상 21:8). 인은 유대 역사에 자주 언급된다(신 32:34; 느 9:38; 10:1; 에 3:12; 아 8:6; 사 8:16; 렘 22:24; 32:44 등). 문서에 인을 치는 것은 인의 소유자가 서명하는 것과 같았다. ‘군주가 인장 반지를 사용했다는 사실은 최근 고대 니느웨 유적지인 코윤지크에서 고운 점토 위에 찍힌 그러한 인장의 자국이 발견됨으로써 주목할 만한 실례를 얻게 되었다. 이 인장은 금속 반지의 인장면으로 찍은 것으로 보인다. 길이 2인치, 너비 1인치의 타원형이며, 애굽 왕 사바코의 형상과 이름과 칭호들이 새겨져 있다’(롤린슨, 『구약의 역사적 예증』, 46쪽). 애굽의 두 왕 케옵스와 호루스의 실제 인장 반지들이 발견되었다. (‘인장 반지’ 참조.) 신약에서 인의 사용은 우리 주님의 장사에 관한 기록과 관련해서만 언급된다(마 27:66). 바리새인들과 대제사장들은 제자들이 와서 시체를 훔쳐 가지 못하도록 확실히 하기 위해 무덤을 인봉하였다(63, 64절). 아마 돌 위로 줄을 가로질러 팽팽히 매고 그 양 끝을 봉인용 점토로 인봉하는 방식이었을 것이다. 하나님께서 구속자에게 인을 치셨다고 할 때, 그 뜻은 하나님께서 그의 신적 사명을 확증하셨다는 것이다(요 6:27). 할례는 언약을 확증하는 인이다(롬 4:11). 신자들은 하나님께서 그들에게 두신 표로서 성령으로 인치심을 받는다(엡 1:13; 4:30). 바울은 회심자들을 자신의 사도직의 인이라고 부르는데, 곧 그들이 그 사도직의 확증이라는 뜻이다(고전 9:2). 요한계시록에는 인과 인봉이 자주 언급된다(5:1; 6:1; 7:3; 10:4; 22:10).

영문 원문·다른 사전 펼치기

[Easton] Commonly a ring engraved with some device (Gen. 38:18, 25). Jezebel “wrote letters in Ahab’s name, and sealed them with his seal” (1 Kings 21:8). Seals are frequently mentioned in Jewish history (Deut. 32:34; Neh. 9:38; 10:1; Esther 3:12; Cant. 8:6; Isa. 8:16; Jer. 22:24; 32:44, etc.). Sealing a document was equivalent to the signature of the owner of the seal. “The use of a signet-ring by the monarch has recently received a remarkable illustration by the discovery of an impression of such a signet on fine clay at Koyunjik, the site of the ancient Nineveh. This seal appears to have been impressed from the bezel of a metallic finger-ring. It is an oval, 2 inches in length by 1 inch wide, and bears the image, name, and titles of the Egyptian king Sabaco” (Rawlinson’s Hist. Illus. of the O.T., p. 46). The actual signet-rings of two Egyptian kings (Cheops and Horus) have been discovered. (See SIGNET.) The use of seals is mentioned in the New Testament only in connection with the record of our Lord’s burial (Matt. 27:66). The tomb was sealed by the Pharisees and chief priests for the purpose of making sure that the disciples would not come and steal the body away (ver. 63, 64). The mode of doing this was probably by stretching a cord across the stone and sealing it at both ends with sealing-clay. When God is said to have sealed the Redeemer, the meaning is, that he has attested his divine mission (John 6:27). Circumcision is a seal, an attestation of the covenant (Rom. 4:11). Believers are sealed with the Spirit, as God’s mark put upon them (Eph. 1:13; 4:30). Converts are by Paul styled the seal of his apostleship, i.e., they are its attestation (1 Cor. 9:2). Seals and sealing are frequently mentioned in the book of Revelation (5:1; 6:1; 7:3; 10:4; 22:10). [Smith] The importance attached to seals in the East is so great that without one no document is regarded as authentic. Among the methods of sealing used in Egypt at a very early period were engraved stones, graved stones, pierced through their length and hung by a string or chain from the arm or neck, or set in rings for the finger. The most ancient form used for this purpose was the scarabaeus, formed of precious or common stone, or even of blue pottery or porcelain, on the flat side of which the inscription or device was engraved. In many cases the seal consisted of a lump of clay, impressed with the seal and attached to the document, whether of papyrus or other material, by strings. In other cases wax was used. In sealing a sepulchre or box, the fastening was covered with clay or wax, and the impression from a seal of one in authority was stamped upon it, so that it could not be broken open without discovery. The signet-ring was an ordinary part of a man’s equipment. (Genesis 38:18) The ring or the seal as an emblem of authority in Egypt, Persia and elsewhere is mentioned in (Genesis 41:42; 1 Kings 21:8; Esther 3:10,12; 8:2; Daniel 6:17) and as an evidence of a covenant, in (Jeremiah 32:10,44; Nehemiah 9:38; 10:1; Haggai 2:23) Engraved signets were in use among the Hebrews in early times. (Exodus 28:11,36; 39:6) [Nave] –1. A stamp used for signifying documents .Given as a pledge Ge 38:18 .Engraved Ex 28:11 , 21 , 36 ; 39:6 , 14 , 30 ; 2Ti 2:19 .Decrees signified by 1Ki 21:8 ; Es 8:8 .Documents sealed with .Ahab’ s letter 1Ki 21:8 .Covenants Ne 9:38 ; 10:1 ; Isa 8:16 .Decrees Es 8:8 ; Da 6:9 .Deeds Jer 32:10 .Treasures secured by De 32:34 .Lion’ s den secured by Da 6:17 .The gravesite of Jesus Mt 27:66 .Circumcision was regarded as a seal of righteousness Ro 4:11 –FIGURATIVE .Of secrecy Da 12:9 ; Re 5:1 .Of certainty of divine approval Joh 6:27 ; Ro 15:28 ; 2Co 1:22 ; Eph 1:13 ; 4:30 ; Re 7:3 , 4 –2. An amphibious animal .Skins of, according to the Revised Version, were used as a covering of the tabernacle Ex 25:5 ; 26:14 ; 35:7 , 23 ; 36:19 ; 39:34 ; Nu 4:25

항목 출처: Easton; Smith; Nave · CC BY-SA 4.0; Public domain; NEUU CC BY 4.0