[Easton 한국어 번역]
여호와는 그의 도움이시다, 또는 구원자 여호와. 에브라임 지파에 속한 눈의 아들이며, 모세를 계승한 이스라엘의 지도자이다. 민 13:16에서는 ‘Jehoshua’로 불리고(영어 흠정역), 행 7:45와 히 4:8에서는 ‘예수’로 불린다(영어 개역본에서는 ‘여호수아’).
그는 애굽에서 태어났으며, 흔히 그와 함께 언급되는 갈렙과 아마 같은 연배였을 것이다. 그는 출애굽의 모든 사건에 참여했고, 르비딤에서 아말렉 사람들과 벌인 큰 전투에서는 이스라엘 군대의 지휘관을 맡았다(출 17:8-16). 그는 모세의 수종자, 곧 종이 되었으며, 모세가 두 돌판을 받으러 시내 산에 올라갈 때 도중의 일부를 동행했다(출 32:17). 그는 또한 모세가 가나안 땅을 정탐하도록 보낸 열두 사람 중 하나였으며(민 13:16, 17), 그와 갈렙만이 용기를 북돋우는 보고를 했다. 모세는 죽기 전에 하나님의 지시에 따라 공개적이고 엄숙한 방식으로 여호수아를 자기 후계자로 세워 백성을 다스릴 권한을 부여했다(신 31:23). 그가 지휘권을 맡았을 때 백성은 싯딤에 진을 치고 있었다(수 1:1). 그들은 요단을 건너 길갈에 진을 쳤으며, 거기서 여호수아는 백성에게 할례를 행한 뒤 유월절을 지켰다. 또 여호와의 군대 장관이 그를 찾아와 격려의 말씀을 전했다(1:1-9).
이제 여호수아가 여러 해 동안 수행한 정복 전쟁이 시작되었으며, 그 기록은 그의 이름을 딴 책에 담겨 있다. 그는 여섯 민족과 서른한 왕을 정복했다(수 11:18-23; 12:24). 이처럼 가나안 사람들을 정복한 뒤, 여호수아는 각 지파에 땅을 나누어 주었으며, 자신에게는 에브라임 산지의 딤낫 세라가 기업으로 주어졌다. (실로; 제사장 항목 참조.)
그는 자기 일을 마친 뒤, 요단을 건넌 지 이십오 년이 되었을 때 백십 세의 나이로 죽었다. 그는 자기 성읍 딤낫 세라에 장사되었으며(수 24장), ‘이스라엘의 빛은 한동안 사라졌다.’
여호수아는 다음과 같은 점에서 그리스도의 예표로 여겨져 왔다(히 4:8). (1) 두 사람이 같은 이름을 지녔다는 점. (2) 예수께서 자기 백성을 하늘의 가나안으로 인도하시듯, 여호수아는 백성을 인도하여 약속의 땅을 차지하게 했다는 점. (3) 여호수아가 모세를 계승한 것처럼 복음이 율법을 계승한다는 점.
에더스하임은 여호수아의 성품을 다음과 같이 잘 묘사했다. ‘애굽에서 노예로 태어난 그는 출애굽 당시 약 사십 세였을 것이다. 모세를 가까이서 섬기던 그는 아말렉과 벌인 첫 번째 결정적인 전투에서 이스라엘을 이끌었고(출 17:9, 13), 그동안 모세는 믿음의 기도를 드리며 하나님께서 주신 “지팡이”를 하늘로 높이 들고 있었다. 그의 이름이 호세아, 곧 “도움”에서 여호수아, 곧 “여호와는 도움이시다”로 바뀐 것은 틀림없이 그때였을 것이다(민 13:16). 그리고 이 이름은 그의 생애와 사역을 이해하는 열쇠이다. 백성을 가나안으로 인도하는 일에서나, 그가 치른 전쟁에서나, 각 지파에 땅을 나누어 주는 일에서나, 기적적으로 요단을 건너고 여리고를 점령한 때부터 마지막으로 백성에게 연설한 때에 이르기까지, 그는 자신의 새 이름인 “여호와는 도움이시다”를 구현한 사람이었다. 그의 성품 역시 이러한 외적 소명에 부합했다. 그의 성품은 한결같은 목적, 솔직함, 결단력으로 두드러진다……그는 자기 앞에 목표를 세우고 흔들림 없이 그것을 추구한다’(『성경 역사』, 제3권, 103쪽).
영문 원문·다른 사전 펼치기
[Easton]
Jehovah is his help, or Jehovah the Saviour. The son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim, the successor of Moses as the leader of Israel. He is called Jehoshua in Num. 13:16 (A.V.), and Jesus in Acts 7:45 and Heb. 4:8 (R.V., Joshua).
He was born in Egypt, and was probably of the age of Caleb, with whom he is generally associated. He shared in all the events of the Exodus, and held the place of commander of the host of the Israelites at their great battle against the Amalekites in Rephidim (Ex. 17:8-16). He became Moses’ minister or servant, and accompanied him part of the way when he ascended Mount Sinai to receive the two tables (Ex. 32:17). He was also one of the twelve who were sent on by Moses to explore the land of Canaan (Num. 13:16, 17), and only he and Caleb gave an encouraging report. Under the direction of God, Moses, before his death, invested Joshua in a public and solemn manner with authority over the people as his successor (Deut. 31:23). The people were encamped at Shittim when he assumed the command (Josh. 1:1); and crossing the Jordan, they encamped at Gilgal, where, having circumcised the people, he kept the Passover, and was visited by the Captain of the Lord’s host, who spoke to him encouraging words (1:1-9).
Now began the wars of conquest which Joshua carried on for many years, the record of which is in the book which bears his name. Six nations and thirty-one kings were conquered by him (Josh. 11:18-23; 12:24). Having thus subdued the Canaanites, Joshua divided the land among the tribes, Timnath-serah in Mount Ephraim being assigned to himself as his own inheritance. (See SHILOH; PRIEST.)
His work being done, he died, at the age of one hundred and ten years, twenty-five years after having crossed the Jordan. He was buried in his own city of Timnath-serah (Josh. 24); and “the light of Israel for the time faded away.”
Joshua has been regarded as a type of Christ (Heb. 4:8) in the following particulars: (1) In the name common to both; (2) Joshua brings the people into the possession of the Promised Land, as Jesus brings his people to the heavenly Canaan; and (3) as Joshua succeeded Moses, so the Gospel succeeds the Law.
The character of Joshua is thus well sketched by Edersheim:, “Born a slave in Egypt, he must have been about forty years old at the time of the Exodus. Attached to the person of Moses, he led Israel in the first decisive battle against Amalek (Ex. 17:9, 13), while Moses in the prayer of faith held up to heaven the God-given ‘rod.’ It was no doubt on that occasion that his name was changed from Oshea, ‘help,’ to Jehoshua, ‘Jehovah is help’ (Num. 13:16). And this name is the key to his life and work. Alike in bringing the people into Canaan, in his wars, and in the distribution of the land among the tribes, from the miraculous crossing of Jordan and taking of Jericho to his last address, he was the embodiment of his new name, ‘Jehovah is help.’ To this outward calling his character also corresponded. It is marked by singleness of purpose, directness, and decision...He sets an object before him, and unswervingly follows it” (Bible Hist., iii. 103)
[Smith]
(saviour, or whose help is Jehovah). His name appears in the various forms of HosheaHOshea, Oshea, Jehoshua, Jeshua and Jesus.
The son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim. (1 Chronicles 7:27) (B.C. 1530-1420.) He was nearly forty years old when he shared in the hurried triumph of the exodus. He is mentioned first in connection with the fight against Amalek at Rephidim, when he was chosen by Moses to lead the Israelites. (Exodus 17:9) Soon afterward he was one of the twelve chiefs who were sent, (Numbers 13:17) to explore the land of Canaan, and one of the two, ch. (Numbers 14:6) who gave an encouraging report of their journey. Moses, shortly before his death, was directed, (Numbers 27:18) to invest Joshua with authority over the people. God himself gave Joshua a charge by the mouth of the dying lawgiver. (31:14,23) Under the direction of God again renewed, (Joshua 1:1) Joshua assumed the command of the people at Shittim, sent spies into Jericho, crossed the Jordan, fortified a camp at Gilgal, circumcised the people, kept the passover, and was visited by the Captain of the Lord’s host. A miracle made the fall of Jericho more terrible to the Canaanites. In the great battle of Beth-horon the Amorites were signally routed, and the south country was open to the Israelites. Joshua returned to the camp at Gilgal, master of half of Palestine. He defeated the Canaanites under Jabin king of Hazor. In six years, six tribes, with thirty-one petty chiefs, were conquered. Joshua, now stricken in years, proceeded to make the division of the conquered land. Timnath-serah in Mount Ephraim was assigned as Joshua’s peculiar inheritance. After an interval of rest, Joshua convoked an assembly from all Israel. He delivered two solemn addresses, recorded in (Joshua 23:24) He died at the age of 110 years, and was buried in his own city, Timnath-serah.
An inhabitant of Beth-shemesh, in whose land was the stone at which the milch-kine stopped when they drew the ark of God with the offerings of the Philistines from Ekron to Beth-shemesh. (1 Samuel 6:14,18) (B.C. 1124.)
A governor of the city who gave his name to a gate of Jerusalem. (2 Kings 23:8) (In the reign of Josiah, B.C. 628.)
Jeshua the son of Jozadak. (Haggai 1:14; 2:12; Zechariah 3:1) etc.
[Hitchcock]
a savior; a deliverer
[Nave]
–1. Also called JEHOSHUA, and JEHOSHUAH, and OSHEA
.Son of Nun Nu 13:8 ; 1Ch 7:27
.Intimately associated with Moses Ex 24:13 ; 32:17 ; 33:11
.A religious zealot Nu 11:28
.Sent with others to view the promised land Nu 13:8
.Makes a favorable report Nu 14:6-10
.Rewarded for his courage and fidelity Nu 14:30 , 38 ; 32:12
.Commissioned, ordained, and charged with the responsibilites
of Moses’ office Nu 27:18-23 ; De 1:38 ; 3:28 ; 31:3 , 7 , 23 ; 34:9
.Divinely inspired Nu 27:18 ; De 34:9 ; Jos 1:5 , 9 ; 3:7 ; 8:8
.His life miraculously preserved when he made a favorable report
about the land Nu 14:10
.Promises to Jos 1:5-9
.Leads the people into the land of Canaan Jos 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; Ac 7:45 ; Heb 4:8
.Renews circumcision of the children of Israel; re-establishes
the Passover; has a vision of the angel of God Jos 5
.Besieges and captures Jericho Jos 6
.Captures Ai Jos 7 ; 8
.Makes a treaty with the Gibeonites Jos 9:3-27
.The kings of the six nations of the Canaanites band together
against him Jos 9:1 , 2
.The six kings make war upon the Gibeonites; are defeated and
killed Jos 10
.Defeats seven other kings Jos 10:28-43
.Conquers Hazor Jos 11
.Completes the conquest of the whole land Jos 11:23
.List of the kings whom Joshua struck down Jos 12
.Allots the land Jos 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19
.Sets the tabernacle up at Shiloh Jos 18:1
.Sets apart several cities of refuge Jos 20
.48 Cities for the Levites Jos 21
.Exhortation of, before his death Jos 23 ; 24
.Survives the Israelites who refused to enter the promised land Nu 26:63-65
.His portion of the land Jos 19:49 , 50
.Death and burial of Jos 24:29 , 30
.Esteem with which he was held Jos 1:16-18
.Faith of Jos 6:16
.Military genius of, as exhibited
.At the defeat of the Amalekites Ex 17:13
.At Ai Jos 8
.At Gibeon Jos 10
.At Hazor Jos 11
.Age of, at death Jud 2:8
–2.An Israelite 1Sa 6:14 , 18
–3. A governor of Jerusalem 2Ki 23:8
–4. Also called JESHUA
.The high priest of the captivity Ezr 2:2
.Assists Zerubbabel in restoring the temple Ezr 3 ; 4:1-6 ; 5 ; Hag 1:1 , 12-14 ; 2:2
–SYMBOLICAL
.Of the restoration of God’s people Zec 3 ; 6:9-15
[STEPBible TIPNR]
A man from the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at Luk.3.29)
referred to as Joshua (Ἰησοῦς), or Jose (Ἰωσή);
a son of Eliezer;
father of Er.
[Theographic]
Jehovah is his help, or Jehovah the Saviour. The son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim, the successor of Moses as the leader of Israel. He is called Jehoshua in Num. 13:16 (A.V.), and Jesus in Acts 7:45 and Heb. 4:8 (R.V., Joshua).
He was born in Egypt, and was probably of the age of Caleb, with whom he is generally associated. He shared in all the events of the Exodus, and held the place of commander of the host of the Israelites at their great battle against the Amalekites in Rephidim (Ex. 17:8-16). He became Moses’ minister or servant, and accompanied him part of the way when he ascended Mount Sinai to receive the two tables (Ex. 32:17). He was also one of the twelve who were sent on by Moses to explore the land of Canaan (Num. 13:16, 17), and only he and Caleb gave an encouraging report. Under the direction of God, Moses, before his death, invested Joshua in a public and solemn manner with authority over the people as his successor (Deut. 31:23). The people were encamped at Shittim when he assumed the command (Josh. 1:1); and crossing the Jordan, they encamped at Gilgal, where, having circumcised the people, he kept the Passover, and was visited by the Captain of the Lord’s host, who spoke to him encouraging words (1:1-9).
Now began the wars of conquest which Joshua carried on for many years, the record of which is in the book which bears his name. Six nations and thirty-one kings were conquered by him (Josh. 11:18-23; 12:24). Having thus subdued the Canaanites, Joshua divided the land among the tribes, Timnath-serah in Mount Ephraim being assigned to himself as his own inheritance.
His work being done, he died, at the age of one hundred and ten years, twenty-five years after having crossed the Jordan. He was buried in his own city of Timnath-serah (Josh. 24); and “the light of Israel for the time faded away.”
Joshua has been regarded as a type of Christ (Heb. 4:8) in the following particulars: (1) In the name common to both; (2) Joshua brings the people into the possession of the Promised Land, as Jesus brings his people to the heavenly Canaan; and (3) as Joshua succeeded Moses, so the Gospel succeeds the Law.
The character of Joshua is thus well sketched by Edersheim:, “Born a slave in Egypt, he must have been about forty years old at the time of the Exodus. Attached to the person of Moses, he led Israel in the first decisive battle against Amalek (Ex. 17:9, 13), while Moses in the prayer of faith held up to heaven the God-given ‘rod.’ It was no doubt on that occasion that his name was changed from Oshea, ‘help,’ to Jehoshua, ‘Jehovah is help’ (Num. 13:16). And this name is the key to his life and work. Alike in bringing the people into Canaan, in his wars, and in the distribution of the land among the tribes, from the miraculous crossing of Jordan and taking of Jericho to his last address, he was the embodiment of his new name, ‘Jehovah is help.’ To this outward calling his character also corresponded. It is marked by singleness of purpose, directness, and decision...He sets an object before him, and unswervingly follows it” (Bible Hist., iii. 103)
항목 출처: Theographic; Easton; Smith; Hitchcock; Nave; STEPBible TIPNR · CC BY-SA 4.0; Public domain; NEUU CC BY 4.0; CC BY 4.0
