바벨론

[Easton] The Greek form of BABEL; Semitic form Babilu, meaning “The Gate of God.” In the Assyrian tablets it means “The city of the dispersion of the tribes.” The monumental list of its kings reaches back to B.C. 2300, and includes Khammurabi, or Amraphel (q.v.), the contemporary of Abraham. It stood on the Euphrates, about 200 miles above its junction with the Tigris, which flowed through its midst and divided it into two almost equal parts. The Elamites invaded Chaldea (i.e., Lower Mesopotamia, or Shinar, and Upper Mesopotamia, or Accad, now combined into one) and held it in subjection. At length Khammu-rabi delivered it from the foreign yoke, and founded the new empire of Chaldea (q.v.), making Babylon the capital of the united kingdom. This city gradually grew in extent and grandeur, but in process of time it became subject to Assyria. On the fall of Nineveh (B.C. 606) it threw off the Assyrian yoke, and became the capital of the growing Babylonian empire. Under Nebuchadnezzar it became one of the most splendid cities of the ancient world. After passing through various vicissitudes the city was occupied by Cyrus, “king of Elam,” B.C. 538, who issued a decree permitting the Jews to return to their own land (Ezra 1). It then ceased to be the capital of an empire. It was again and again visited by hostile armies, till its inhabitants were all driven from their homes, and the city became a complete desolation, its very site being forgotten from among men. On the west bank of the Euphrates, about 50 miles south of Bagdad, there is found a series of artificial mounds of vast extent. These are the ruins of this once famous proud city. These ruins are principally (1) the great mound called Babil by the Arabs. This was probably the noted Temple of Belus, which was a pyramid about 480 feet high. (2) The Kasr (i.e., “the palace”). This was the great palace of Nebuchadnezzar. It is almost a square, each side of which is about 700 feet long. The little town of Hillah, near the site of Babylon, is built almost wholly of bricks taken from this single mound. (3) A lofty mound, on the summit of which stands a modern tomb called Amran ibn-Ali. This is probably the most ancient portion of the remains of the city, and represents the ruins of the famous hanging-gardens, or perhaps of some royal palace. The utter desolation of the city once called “The glory of kingdoms” (Isa. 13:19) was foretold by the prophets (Isa. 13:4-22; Jer. 25:12; 50:2, 3; Dan. 2:31-38). The Babylon mentioned in 1 Pet. 5:13 was not Rome, as some have thought, but the literal city of Babylon, which was inhabited by many Jews at the time Peter wrote. In Rev. 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; and 18:2, “Babylon” is supposed to mean Rome, not considered as pagan, but as the prolongation of the ancient power in the papal form. Rome, pagan and papal, is regarded as one power. “The literal Babylon was the beginner and supporter of tyranny and idolatry...This city and its whole empire were taken by the Persians under Cyrus; the Persians were subdued by the Macedonians, and the Macedonians by the Romans; so that Rome succeeded to the power of old Babylon. And it was her method to adopt the worship of the false deities she had conquered; so that by her own act she became the heiress and successor of all the Babylonian idolatry, and of all that was introduced into it by the immediate successors of Babylon, and consequently of all the idolatry of the earth.” Rome, or “mystical Babylon,” is “that great city which reigneth over the kings of the earth” (17:18). [Smith] in the Apocalypse, is the symbolical name by which Rome is denoted. (Revelation 14:8; 17:18) The power of Rome was regarded by the later Jews as was that of Babylon by their forefathers. Comp. (Jeremiah 51:7) with Reve 14:8 The occurrence of this name in (1 Peter 5:13) has given rise to a variety of conjectures, many giving it the same meaning as in the Apocalypse; others refer it to Babylon in Asia, and others still to Babylon in Egypt. The most natural supposition of all is that by Babylon is intended the old Babylon of Assyria, which was largely inhabited by Jews at the time in question. [Hitchcock] same as Babel [Nave] –1. CITY OF Built by Nimrod Ge 10:10 .In the land of Shinar Ge 10:10 ; 11:2 .Tower of Ge 11:1-9 .Capital of the kingdom of Babylon Da 4:30 ; 2Ki 25:13 ; 2Ch 36:6 , 7 , 10 , 18 , 20 .Gates of Isa 45:1 , 2 ; Jer 51:58 .Walled Jer 51:44 , 58 .Splendor of Isa 14:4 .Peter writes from 1Pe 5:13 .Prophecies concerning Ps 87:4 ; 137:8 , 9 ; Isa 13 ; 14:4-26 ; 21:1-10 ; 46:1 , 2 ; 47 ; 48:14 , 20 ; Jer 21:4-10 ; 25:12-14 ; 27:1-11 ; 28:14 ; 32:28 ; 34:2 , 3 ; 42:11 , 12 ; 43 ; 46:13-26 ; 49:28-30 ; 50 ; 51 ; Eze 21:19 ; 26 ; 29:17-20 ; 30:10 ; 32:11 ; Da 2:21-38 ; 4:10-26 ; 5:25-29 ; 7 ; Hab 1:5-11 ; Zec 2:7-9 –FIGURATIVE Re 14:8 ; 16:19 ; 17 ; 18 –2. EMPIRE OF Founded by Nimrod Ge 10:10 .Called LAND OF SHINAR Ge 10:10 ; 11:2 ; 14:1 , 9 ; Isa 11:11 ; Da 1:2 ; Zec 5:11 .SHESHACH Jer 25:26 ; 51:41 .MERATHAIM Jer 50:21 .Called also CHALDEA , which see .Divisions of 2Ki 17:24 ; 24:7 ; Isa 23:12 , 13 ; Da 3:1 ; Ac 7:4 .Extent of, at the time of Nebuchadnezzar Da 2:37 , 38 ; 4:1 ; 6:1 .At the time of Ahasuerus Es 1:1 ; 8:9 ; 9:30 .Armies of, invade ancient Canaan Ge 14 .Samaria 2Ki 17:5-24 .Judah 2Ki 24:1-16 .Jews carried to 2Ki 25 ; 1Ch 9:1 ; 2Ch 33:11 ; 36:17-21 ; Jer 32:2 ; 39 ; 52 .Colonists from, sent to Samaria Ezr 4:9 , 10 ; with 2Ki 17:29-32 .Conquest of Egypt by 2Ki 24:7 .Prophecies of conquests by 2Ki 20:16-19 ; Jer 20:4-7 ; 21 ; 22 ; 25:1-11 ; 27 ; 28 ; 29 ; 32:28 , 29 ; 34 ; 36:29 ; 38:17 , 18 ; 43:8-13 ; 46:13-26 ; Eze 12 ; 17 ; 19 ; 21 ; 24 ; 26 ; 29:18-20 ; 30 ; 32 .Prophetic denunciations against Ps 137:8 , 9 ; Isa 13 ; 14:21 ; 43:14-17 ; 47 ; Jer 50 ; 51 .GOVERNMENT OF A limited monarchy Es 1:13-19 ; 8:8 ; Da 6:8 , 14 , 17 .Tyrannical Es 3:7-15 ; Da 3 .Sovereigns of .See BELSHAZZAR .See CYRUS .See DARIUS .See EVIL-MERODACH .See NEBUCHADNEZZAR .See CHALDEA [STEPBible TIPNR] A location first mentioned at Gen.10.10) referred to as Babylon or Babylonia or Babel or Babylonian (בָּבֶ֫ל, בָּבֶל), or Babylon or Babylonia (Aramaic בָּבֶ֫ל, בָּבֶל), or Babylonian (בָּֽבְלַי), or Babylon (שֵׁשַׁךְ), or Shinar (שִׁנְעָר), or Merathaim (מְרָתַיִם), or Pekod (פְּקוֹד), or Babylon (Βαβυλών). [Theographic] The Greek form of BABEL; Semitic form Babilu, meaning “The Gate of God.” In the Assyrian tablets it means “The city of the dispersion of the tribes.” The monumental list of its kings reaches back to B.C. 2300, and includes Khammurabi, or Amraphel (q.v.), the contemporary of Abraham. It stood on the Euphrates, about 200 miles above its junction with the Tigris, which flowed through its midst and divided it into two almost equal parts. The Elamites invaded Chaldea (i.e., Lower Mesopotamia, or Shinar, and Upper Mesopotamia, or Accad, now combined into one) and held it in subjection. At length Khammu-rabi delivered it from the foreign yoke, and founded the new empire of Chaldea (q.v.), making Babylon the capital of the united kingdom. This city gradually grew in extent and grandeur, but in process of time it became subject to Assyria. On the fall of Nineveh (B.C. 606) it threw off the Assyrian yoke, and became the capital of the growing Babylonian empire. Under Nebuchadnezzar it became one of the most splendid cities of the ancient world. After passing through various vicissitudes the city was occupied by Cyrus, “king of Elam,” B.C. 538, who issued a decree permitting the Jews to return to their own land (Ezra 1). It then ceased to be the capital of an empire. It was again and again visited by hostile armies, till its inhabitants were all driven from their homes, and the city became a complete desolation, its very site being forgotten from among men. On the west bank of the Euphrates, about 50 miles south of Bagdad, there is found a series of artificial mounds of vast extent. These are the ruins of this once famous proud city. These ruins are principally (1) the great mound called Babil by the Arabs. This was probably the noted Temple of Belus, which was a pyramid about 480 feet high. (2) The Kasr (i.e., “the palace”). This was the great palace of Nebuchadnezzar. It is almost a square, each side of which is about 700 feet long. The little town of Hillah, near the site of Babylon, is built almost wholly of bricks taken from this single mound. (3) A lofty mound, on the summit of which stands a modern tomb called Amran ibn-Ali. This is probably the most ancient portion of the remains of the city, and represents the ruins of the famous hanging-gardens, or perhaps of some royal palace. The utter desolation of the city once called “The glory of kingdoms” (Isa. 13:19) was foretold by the prophets (Isa. 13:4-22; Jer. 25:12; 50:2, 3; Dan. 2:31-38). The Babylon mentioned in 1 Pet. 5:13 was not Rome, as some have thought, but the literal city of Babylon, which was inhabited by many Jews at the time Peter wrote. In Rev. 14:8; 16:19; 17:5; and 18:2, “Babylon” is supposed to mean Rome, not considered as pagan, but as the prolongation of the ancient power in the papal form. Rome, pagan and papal, is regarded as one power. “The literal Babylon was the beginner and supporter of tyranny and idolatry...This city and its whole empire were taken by the Persians under Cyrus; the Persians were subdued by the Macedonians, and the Macedonians by the Romans; so that Rome succeeded to the power of old Babylon. And it was her method to adopt the worship of the false deities she had conquered; so that by her own act she became the heiress and successor of all the Babylonian idolatry, and of all that was introduced into it by the immediate successors of Babylon, and consequently of all the idolatry of the earth.” Rome, or “mystical Babylon,” is “that great city which reigneth over the kings of the earth” (17:18).